Mô hình thông tin xây dựng là quá trình thiết kết và tạo ra tài liệu công trình. Nó giúp bạn tạo ra và quản lí những thông tin về một dự án xây dựng, sử dụng thông tin về dự án xây dựng chứa trong một mô hình 3D. Quan trọng hơn là những dữ liệu thông minh có sẵn trong mô hình xây dựng cho phép bạn thử nghiệm thiết kế của mình trước khi đưa vào thực tế, mô phỏng và hình dung thay thế thiết kế, phân tích kiểu dáng và sớm đưa ra những quyết định sớm trong quá trình thiết kế.
Công nghiệp xây dựng truyền thống minh họa những dự án xây dựng bằng những bản vẽ bằng tay. Thông tin được đưa vào những hình vẽ minh họa này thông qua chú thích và những thông số kĩ thuật. Với việc phát mình ra công nghệ CAD, quá trình này được tự động hóa. Tuy nhiên, kết quả của bản phác thảo và đồ họa của hệ thống CAD và hệ thống CAD định hướng đối tượng là như nhau: sự trừu tượng về mặt đồ họa của thiết kế xây dựng đã định trước.
The development of the building information modeling methodology has turned this relationship around. Building information modeling software captures information about a building and then presents that information as 2D and 3D views, schedules, or in other required formats.
Architects and engineers can use digital design information to analyze and understand how their projects will perform before they are built. Developing and evaluating multiple alternatives imultaneously enables easy comparison and informs better sustainable design decisions. Building information modeling is core to Autodesk’s sustainable design approach for building performance analysis and simulation.
Definition of Building Information Modeling
Building information modeling is an integrated process for exploring a project’s key physical and functional characteristics digitally—before it is built. Autodesk® provides a comprehensive portfolio of BIM solutions, which assist customers in delivering projects faster and more economically, while minimizing environmental impact.
Coordinated, consistent information is used throughout the BIM process to:
■ Design innovative projects and conduct analysis from the earliest stages
■ Better visualize and simulate real-world appearance, performance, and cost
■ Document more accurately
The Autodesk BIM solution is based on coordinated, data-rich models created with Autodesk® Revit®- based products and AutoCAD® Civil 3D® software. Complementing these core BIM products is a broad portfolio of applications further delivering on the power of BIM, including AutoCAD® software for documentation and conceptual 3D design and AutoCAD LT® software for professional drafting.
Revit and Building Information Modeling
Revit Architecture is purpose-built software for building information modeling.
Traditional drafting and CAD software represent the geometry of a design by using stylized symbols from designated illustrations. Some examples of these illustrations may be a series of plans, elevations, and sections. These illustrations are essentially independent of one another.
Building information modeling software represents the design as a series of intelligent objects and elements such as walls, windows, and views. These objects and elements have parametric attributes.The information about these objects and elements is stored in a single building model. You can extract any number of different views of the data from the model.
The Revit platform is a building design and documentation system that supports the design, documentation, and even construction efforts required for a building project. Because of its parametric change technology, any change you make is automatically coordinated everywhere in your project, including model views, drawing sheets, schedules, sections, and plans.
Building Information Tailored to the User
In building information modeling software, the building information is stored in a single building model instead of in a format predicated on a presentation format, such as a drawing file or a spreadsheet. The building information model presents information for editing and review in views and formats that are appropriate for and familiar to the user. Some examples of these formats are a 2D elevation, a 3D perspective, or a schedule.
Architects, for example, work on the information in the building model by using the conventions of the highly stylized, symbolic, and graphic language of building design. They may enter and review information in a format similar to architectural drawings, such as plans, sections, and elevations. Structural engineers work with the same data presented graphically in the form of framing and bracing diagrams. Therefore, the structural engineers' interface to data or the MEP engineers' is quite different from the architects' interface to data; however, the data is the same.
Managing Change with Building Information Modeling
Building information modeling solutions manage iterative changes in a building model throughout the design, construction, and operation phases. A change to any part of the building model is replicated in all other associated parts.
Maintaining a single, internally consistent representation of the building can improve drawing coordination and reduce the number of errors in documents. You can invest the time that you would otherwise spend manually checking and coordinating documents in improving the building designs. As a result, construction documents can be of better quality and the costs of changes and coordination can be reduced. Building information modeling tools can enable the design, construction, and occupancy of the building to proceed with less friction and fewer difficulties than conventional tools.
Capturing and Reusing Information
Building information modeling solutions capture and preserve information for reuse by third party industry-specific applications. Data is captured once as close as possible to its point of origin and stored so that it is available and can be presented whenever required. For example, consider a personal financial management software application that captures information from your checkbook register as you write checks and make deposits. It stores and manages that information for a variety of purposes, such as to prepare your income tax return and to create a statement of your net worth. Building information modeling leverages data in a similar manner.
Characteristics of Revit Architecture for Building Information Modeling
Work the way architects and designers think about buildings:
■ Enjoy a more intuitive process with software that mirrors the real world.
■ The building information model contains essential information about a project, so as you design, Revit software automatically creates accurate floor plans, elevations, sections, and 3D views, as well as area calculations, schedules, and quantity takeoffs.
■ Gain better design insight through in-process visualization and analysis. Capture early design thinking to better support design, documentation, and construction:
■ Enhance conceptual building design efforts to gain better design insight earlier in the process.
■ Support smarter, more sustainable design through the analysis of materials, quantities, sun position, and solar effects. Exchange building information with partner applications to perform energy analysis and better predict building performance.
■ Provide essential BIM data for use in clash detection, construction analysis, and fabrication.
Improve your business through better-coordinated, higher-quality project work:
■ Accelerate decision making and shorten production time.
■ Minimize coordination mistakes and rework with fully parametric change management.
■ Gain a competitive advantage with increased client satisfaction and greater profitability through more efficient project delivery.
Analyzing a Design in the Context of BIM
Revit-based design models can be exported using the gbXML schema and imported directly into Autodesk Ecotect Analysis for simulation and analysis during the early conceptual design phase. At the onset of the design process, Autodesk Revit Architecture massing models can be used in combination with site analysis functionality in Autodesk Ecotect Analysis to determine the optimal location, shape, and orientation of a building design. This is based on fundamental environmental factors, such as daylight, overshadowing, solar access, and visual impact.
As the conceptual design evolves, energy, water, and carbon analysis can be conducted using integrated access to Autodesk® Green Building Studio® web-based technology in order to benchmark its energy use and recommend areas of potential savings. After these fundamental design parameters have been established, Autodesk Ecotect Analysis can be used again to rearrange rooms and zones, size and shape apertures, design custom shading devices, or choose specific materials—based on environmental factors such as daylight availability, glare protection, outside views, and acoustic comfort.
Autodesk Ecotect Analysis can also be used for detailed design analysis. For example, the visibility analysis displayed in the following illustration shows the amount and quality of views to the outside mapped over the floor area of an office.
The consistent, computable data obtained from Autodesk Revit Architecture or Autodesk Revit MEP, combined with the breadth of performance analysis and meaningful feedback of Autodesk Ecotect Analysis, help reduce the cost and time required to perform energy modeling and analysis. The feedback from these analyses helps architects and other users to optimize the energy efficiency of their designs and work toward carbon neutrality early in the design process. The analyses are a key ingredient not only for incorporating energy efficiency into standard building design practices but also for mitigating the carbon footprint of the current built environment.
Example of Building Information Modeling
During the design of a building, if there is any change in the load conditions on the floor area, you may need to modify the design parameters of the structural system. Modifications could include an increase in the depth of beams or a change in beam profiles. A change in beam profiles may result in a change in the geometric parameters of these members in a 3D view. This change would also be reflected in plan and section views. Therefore, building information modeling ensures an effective interaction between the design and its representation.
The development of the building information modeling methodology has turned this relationship around. Building information modeling software captures information about a building and then presents that information as 2D and 3D views, schedules, or in other required formats.
Architects and engineers can use digital design information to analyze and understand how their projects will perform before they are built. Developing and evaluating multiple alternatives imultaneously enables easy comparison and informs better sustainable design decisions. Building information modeling is core to Autodesk’s sustainable design approach for building performance analysis and simulation.
Definition of Building Information Modeling
Building information modeling is an integrated process for exploring a project’s key physical and functional characteristics digitally—before it is built. Autodesk® provides a comprehensive portfolio of BIM solutions, which assist customers in delivering projects faster and more economically, while minimizing environmental impact.
Coordinated, consistent information is used throughout the BIM process to:
■ Design innovative projects and conduct analysis from the earliest stages
■ Better visualize and simulate real-world appearance, performance, and cost
■ Document more accurately
The Autodesk BIM solution is based on coordinated, data-rich models created with Autodesk® Revit®- based products and AutoCAD® Civil 3D® software. Complementing these core BIM products is a broad portfolio of applications further delivering on the power of BIM, including AutoCAD® software for documentation and conceptual 3D design and AutoCAD LT® software for professional drafting.
Revit and Building Information Modeling
Revit Architecture is purpose-built software for building information modeling.
Traditional drafting and CAD software represent the geometry of a design by using stylized symbols from designated illustrations. Some examples of these illustrations may be a series of plans, elevations, and sections. These illustrations are essentially independent of one another.
Building information modeling software represents the design as a series of intelligent objects and elements such as walls, windows, and views. These objects and elements have parametric attributes.The information about these objects and elements is stored in a single building model. You can extract any number of different views of the data from the model.
Building Information Tailored to the User
In building information modeling software, the building information is stored in a single building model instead of in a format predicated on a presentation format, such as a drawing file or a spreadsheet. The building information model presents information for editing and review in views and formats that are appropriate for and familiar to the user. Some examples of these formats are a 2D elevation, a 3D perspective, or a schedule.
Architects, for example, work on the information in the building model by using the conventions of the highly stylized, symbolic, and graphic language of building design. They may enter and review information in a format similar to architectural drawings, such as plans, sections, and elevations. Structural engineers work with the same data presented graphically in the form of framing and bracing diagrams. Therefore, the structural engineers' interface to data or the MEP engineers' is quite different from the architects' interface to data; however, the data is the same.
Managing Change with Building Information Modeling
Building information modeling solutions manage iterative changes in a building model throughout the design, construction, and operation phases. A change to any part of the building model is replicated in all other associated parts.
Maintaining a single, internally consistent representation of the building can improve drawing coordination and reduce the number of errors in documents. You can invest the time that you would otherwise spend manually checking and coordinating documents in improving the building designs. As a result, construction documents can be of better quality and the costs of changes and coordination can be reduced. Building information modeling tools can enable the design, construction, and occupancy of the building to proceed with less friction and fewer difficulties than conventional tools.
Capturing and Reusing Information
Building information modeling solutions capture and preserve information for reuse by third party industry-specific applications. Data is captured once as close as possible to its point of origin and stored so that it is available and can be presented whenever required. For example, consider a personal financial management software application that captures information from your checkbook register as you write checks and make deposits. It stores and manages that information for a variety of purposes, such as to prepare your income tax return and to create a statement of your net worth. Building information modeling leverages data in a similar manner.
Characteristics of Revit Architecture for Building Information Modeling
Work the way architects and designers think about buildings:
■ Enjoy a more intuitive process with software that mirrors the real world.
■ The building information model contains essential information about a project, so as you design, Revit software automatically creates accurate floor plans, elevations, sections, and 3D views, as well as area calculations, schedules, and quantity takeoffs.
■ Gain better design insight through in-process visualization and analysis. Capture early design thinking to better support design, documentation, and construction:
■ Enhance conceptual building design efforts to gain better design insight earlier in the process.
■ Support smarter, more sustainable design through the analysis of materials, quantities, sun position, and solar effects. Exchange building information with partner applications to perform energy analysis and better predict building performance.
■ Provide essential BIM data for use in clash detection, construction analysis, and fabrication.
Improve your business through better-coordinated, higher-quality project work:
■ Accelerate decision making and shorten production time.
■ Minimize coordination mistakes and rework with fully parametric change management.
■ Gain a competitive advantage with increased client satisfaction and greater profitability through more efficient project delivery.
Analyzing a Design in the Context of BIM
Revit-based design models can be exported using the gbXML schema and imported directly into Autodesk Ecotect Analysis for simulation and analysis during the early conceptual design phase. At the onset of the design process, Autodesk Revit Architecture massing models can be used in combination with site analysis functionality in Autodesk Ecotect Analysis to determine the optimal location, shape, and orientation of a building design. This is based on fundamental environmental factors, such as daylight, overshadowing, solar access, and visual impact.
As the conceptual design evolves, energy, water, and carbon analysis can be conducted using integrated access to Autodesk® Green Building Studio® web-based technology in order to benchmark its energy use and recommend areas of potential savings. After these fundamental design parameters have been established, Autodesk Ecotect Analysis can be used again to rearrange rooms and zones, size and shape apertures, design custom shading devices, or choose specific materials—based on environmental factors such as daylight availability, glare protection, outside views, and acoustic comfort.
Autodesk Ecotect Analysis can also be used for detailed design analysis. For example, the visibility analysis displayed in the following illustration shows the amount and quality of views to the outside mapped over the floor area of an office.
Example of Building Information Modeling
During the design of a building, if there is any change in the load conditions on the floor area, you may need to modify the design parameters of the structural system. Modifications could include an increase in the depth of beams or a change in beam profiles. A change in beam profiles may result in a change in the geometric parameters of these members in a 3D view. This change would also be reflected in plan and section views. Therefore, building information modeling ensures an effective interaction between the design and its representation.
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